Flux emergence and generation of flare-productive active regions

Solar flares and coronal mass ejections are among the most prominent manifestations of magnetic activity Sun. The strongest events them tend to occur in active regions (ARs) that large, complex, dynamically evolving. However, it is not clear what key observational features such ARs are, how these produced. This article answers fundamental questions based on morphological characteristics flare-productive their evolutionary processes, i.e., large-scale flux emergence subsequent AR formation, which have been revealed theoretical studies. We also present latest modeling achieved using realistic simulations a very deep computational domain. Finally, this review discusses future perspective pertaining relationships flaring solar with global-scale dynamo stellar superflares.